The naval arm of the Order of Saint John, known as the Squadra della Religione, was the frontline military force defending European maritime trade in the central Mediterranean. Anchored in Birgu (Vittoriosa), the Order's fleet combined rowing power with heavy artillery tactics.
Anatomy of a Maltese Capitana
The flagship (Capitana) was typically 50 meters long, powered by up to 30 benches of rowers on each side. Unlike merchant vessels, these war galleys featured a sharp wooden ram above the waterline and a heavy centerline gun (corsia) capable of firing a 36-pound iron shot directly into enemy hulls.
Tactical Doctrine: The Battle of Lepanto
In 1571, galleys of the Maltese fleet fought under the Holy League at the Battle of Lepanto. Their maneuverability allowed them to punch through opposing lines and deploy armored knights for direct hand-to-hand boarding actions.